Annotation. The green economy is closely linked to the concept of sustainable development. Global challenges such as climate change and the current global economic crisis, revealed a new way of perceiving the need for economic development, which will be beneficial for everyone. According to this opinion sustainable development, or balanced progress in economic, social and environmental fields at the same time, - is becoming increasingly important. New opportunities for economic growth, which was created by these new environments, made the base of the green economy concept. This concept implies such  a profitable business, which at the same time will facilitate the environmental challenges.

Keywords: Green economy, green growth, concept, climate, inclusive development, global risks. 

Introduction

"Green economy" concept is quite broad, and also relatively new for the world of different regions. Determination and understanding of the context can be different.

Despite of many definitions, the general definition of the green economy means that greening of the economy can become mechanism of  a sustainable development and of a poverty.

The terms and definitions of "Green economy" is related at least to two sorts: terms related to the process ("economy planting", "green growth"), and terms related to the results of the ("Green economy"). Environment Program of United Nations defines the green economy in social and environmental agenda like this: "The result of green economy is improved human well-being and social equity, which significantly reduces risks of environmental and ecological scarcities ". More economic approach is in the UNEP document, which mentions that immediate future of the green economy can provide a natural and Financial capital in a more effective and efficient manner.

While these definitions are derives from two different perspectives, anyway it still indicates to the same question - the man-madeInefficient activities are global threats, such as climate change - it is necessary to implement the changes.

The  Organization of  United Nations, the Economic and Social Commission of  the Asia-Pacific Union determines the "Green Growth" as "Economic progress, which promotes environmentally sustainable, carbon low content and socially inclusive development ".

Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development recognizes the Green Growth, as a way of promoting economic growth and development, while meanwhile natural assets continue to provide the resources and environmental service provision, which is based on our well-being. It is necessary to dispel myths about the green economy that it means excessive interference from the side of the government, according to this it distort the market and generally is against with the logic of the market economy. Actually Green economy is more "market-oriented" than the existed models. In fact, environmental and social issues neglect of environmental and social issues leads to the wrong decisions, to incorrectly allocate resources of market players and eventually to such crisis as global financial crisis of 2009. In a broad context, the essential difference between the regular economy and the green economy is in the long-term effects of the green economy and in the enhanced resulting stability. 

Perspective of "Green Economy" development in Georgia

The challenges facing the development of Georgia is one of the most important issues of inclusive and green growth potential of the country, which is richly endowed with cultural, human and natural resources, and which, boosted by innovation, green economy can become a regional center. Green growth means opening its rich natural, cultural and human capital to new business opportunities, which are engines of economic growth and development and at the same time ensuring that these assets continue to provide the resources and services on which our prosperity is based.

Green Growth initiative is a further step towards sustainable economic development, promoting economic growth and combating poverty, as well as a protect of global public kindness. His implementation will be in the existing economic policy framework, which provides the private sector-oriented policies, non-protectionist international trade policies and non-discriminatory approach.Green growth must be exercised within the framework of the state programs and policies. Green economy is considered to be the economic theory of the component where it is considered a part of the ecosystem. Green economy separates the state and the private sector from each other. It istrying to find an alternative of  the positive economic decision. The government's role in this process is not only a regulator or donor, but also as a leader of this process.

The authors plan significant changes in the strategy of socio-economic development in Georgia for 2020,  one of the important issue from here is considered to the "innovation and technological level of development policy - the green economy".In order to encourage innovation and development of modern technologies the government directs foreign investment, which have the main task of bringing advanced technology introduction, in particular,there will be an environmental protection and resource saving technologies and green-oriented economic development.These issues were actual in previous government, when in 2010 the Ministry of economic Development, Ministry of Economy and Sustainable Development was created as a result of the reforms. In October 2010, the Ministry of Sustainable Development has been established in the same ministry.

The main functions of the given department was: 1.The  programs developing and implemential management and promotion in sustainable development , 2. Privately sector awareness according to the green business opportunities, and 3. The cooperation with international organizations and a network of partners among public agencies, business associations, government ministries, non-governmental organizations and other entities.

The government within the"Green economy" and with the help of foreign experts,developed 15 projects  in 2012, which was introduced to the private sector. Georgia has the great potential of the development of the green business and in this regard the government has to work intensively with the private sector .This project was carried out by the Swedish International Development Agency of the United Nations Development Program "public sector reform support project consultation framework." International experts and team gathered sustainable and economically viable businesses in order to define the green, like green food industry, tourism, agriculture, clean energy-based production.

Nowadays current projects are:

• • Identify areas of green business opportunities (GBOA)
• . Partner: United Nations Development Program (UNDP) and the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC)
• • Green economy of the investment environment and the promotion of mobile Internet www.greengeorgia.ge Create / Update
• . Partner: German Society for International Cooperation (GIZ)
• • Ministry of Information and Communication Technology Development of Georgia Framework Program (ESW) in the field of green transportation
• . Partners: The World Bank and the Ministry of Finance of Georgia.

Green economic development in Georgia were discussed in the February meeting, which was held at the initiative of the Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources Protection Project "in Georgia, small and medium enterprises in environmentally acceptable actions”The Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) with the support, "EaP Green" program and aims at strengthening the EU's Eastern Partnership countries in the developing of  green economy.

Program is  going in 6 countries  of the Eastern Partnership, the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE), United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) and the European Commission (EC) on the financial support. The project aims to "green certification system for the service sector in Georgia."

In order to answer the question of whether Georgia is ready to participate in the emerging green economy, we should be consider widespread development model in Georgia. Now attention is almost completely transferred to the economy, which is more narrowly perceive, and are based on the provisions of the free market to solve all problems by itself. In this regard, there are success stories that can only be proud of the country, for example, ease of doing business ranking assessments consistently Georgia occupies the leading place.

However, it was noted that there are other more famous assessments, the result of which is not good for Georgia. For example, competition in the global index, which is on the 90th place among 133 countries. This indicates that the appropriate action is taken, the country's development will be restricted. This demonstrates that there are other issues, the solution of which can not be solve only by  the market economy and the government should work to resolve them. Otherwise Georgia will miss development opportunities.

The experts agree in relation with the green economy  that the most promising prospects Georgia has in the energy sector,in the energy efficiency and in the renewable energy fields. Especially promising is seen in the field of energy efficiency, because most of the necessary incentives have been introduced. First of all, the business sector's energy efficiency measures implemented uniquely advantageous, because it makes it possible to substantially reduce costs, resulting to remove a possible investment in a relatively short period of time. In addition to this business will bring other benefits, such as reduced risks, improved product quality, increased quality of competition, financing costs increased availability and improved reputation.

Government, donors and international organizations pay especially attention to renewable energy. The government will focus mainly on small hydropower plants HPP rehabilitation and construction program implementation. Other types of renewable energy is not so widespread and is mainly presented in rural areas.

Also the importantissue is about coordination and cooperation among the stakeholders. Especially it is important to grow the awareness of the issues, which refers to a target of some groups, and also to the behavior of the members of this group.

The strategy of growth of Green Economy in Georgia

In the country should be implemented the green version of economic arrangement and development of Georgia. The complexity of the problems lies in the fact that Georgia in different from Eastern European countries, aims moving not only from centralized planned (ordered-administrative) economic system on market economic relations, which on its own it tough and unprecedented, but factually creation from anew national economy (nationalization plus basic structural changes) in the terms of outside impede factors (fight for sovereignty). In such kind of undetermined condition the state is motivated to implement different green economic policy. In one glance, except diverse not favorable situation – ecological, economic, political, social, intellectual-cultural, theoretical and etc., there are also positive factors. Georgia has to stand for the ides of declaring as green economic zone and to work for its implementation. The declaration on its own will have big political-propaganda, international importance. There should be created the image of building of green state. With this action we factually refuse to so called descending development (which means false equality to the West and in reality places us in the condition of the third world countries) and we choose alternative, self-motivated way of development.

Georgia have to establish its place in the labor international division of producer and import-export maker of eco-product (green production). This strategy will be most beneficial exactly in economic point of view, green capital will bring in nearest future most big dividends (in green capital I mean as maintained nature – eco-capital, as well as funds that produce eco-product), because ecologically clean production and service will be most deficit and quality, accordingly expensive and beneficial.

For this aim there should take place strict change of economical structure – conversion (in wide meaning), creation-re-qualification of proper staff and institutes, managing of foreign economic relations, foreign trade according with green criteria. First of all there should be evaluated natural-economic potential of Georgia, should be determined field-regional structural priorities, social-economic relations system’s fundamental principles, that means that there should be determined how to earn money for living, what to do and in what kind of relations to work. There should be marked that natural-economic potential of Georgia not enough well researched. In this direction there is need to force the works. The initiative of young economists association needs moving on right methodological base and conducting. Potential, national wealth should be evaluated correctly not to have one sided character.

While implementing of structural economic policy in Georgia there should be given priority to agriculture and fields connected to it: science, production, infrastructure. Except of this other fields of economy is widely depended on agrarian field and other spheres of life. Today agriculture of Georgia is in critical condition, heredity of village culture in on the bottom critical line, also agriculture priority development, on which should be based whole green economic strategy. It can’t be implemented if the issue of the land will not be solved by legislation (the forms and structure of land ownership and property), if there will not be implemented peasant reform.

With the coordination of the Ministry of Economy and Sustainable Development is implemented the strategy of he growth policy. The mentioned document contains sectors of economy, environmental development, energy sector, agriculture, infrastructure, education sectors, also issued of the events and their financing in these sectors.

Georgia signed the Association Agreement with European Union, in this union with the aim of political association and economic integration promotion. The agreement takes into consideration increase of Georgia’s involvement in European Union strategies, programs and organizations; also, European Union will promote the strengthening of the economy of Georgia and in institutional stability; 301th paragraph of the Association Agreement states that the parties will build their relations and will strengthen taking into account sustainable development and green economy with long term aims.  

• The aim of the government of Georgia is to manage such kind of economic policy, which will provide the sustainable development of the country.
• The state will encourage the implementation of the modern technologies and development of “Green” economy.
• With the aim of development of innovative and modern technologies the government will encourage direct foreign investments, which will be oriented on setting up new technologies – especially it is connected to the environmental and resource saving technologies, which will encourage the development of “green” economy. 

Green economy contains six main sectors: removable energy; green buildings; clean transport; water management; waste management and land management. The strategic documents implemented in Georgia according to the legislation years contains the following events:

2014 – the strategy of social-economic development of Georgia “Georgia 2020”

ü  Rational use of the natural resources, environmental and sustainable provision;

ü  The improved access on the finances for the small and medium size enterprises.

2014 – Association Agreement between Georgia-European Union

ü  Article 301 – the parties will develop and strengthen the collaboration on the environmental issues, according to which they will make contribution in the sustainable development and long term development of the aims of economy.

2016 – the governmental program “for strong democratic, united Georgia”

ü  Support of small and medium size enterprises will provide with increase of the good amount and income;

ü  Compliance with the modern environmental standards.

2016 – the conception of the green policy growth.

2016 – OECD declaration of the green increase.

2017 – “Batumi initiative about green economy” in the frame of (BIG-E) Georgia took obligations:

ü  To implement of the green strategy development;

ü  To promote in the

ü  Facilitate resource efficiency in industrial enterprises.

The program financed by European Union “Support of green economy in the Eastern partnership countries (EaP GREEN) and its resource effective and clean production (RECP) demonstration components importantly supported Georgia on the way of economic growth. RECP project in Georgian production enterprises made demonstration of those practical ways, which improve productivity of use of resources in the production, decrease negative influence on environment and bring economic benefit. With the aim to implement the resource effective and clean production the project supported individual and institutional possibility development, handing of resource effective technologies and support of the proper investments, which represented the best practice for the small and medium enterprises to reach green and competitive production.”

Conclusion

The implemented radical reforms during last years in Georgia gave results, however there is also seen misbalance, because the most part of the reforms have economic reasons. This misbalance is depicted in different rating of Georgia.

International competent organizations marked clear progress in many directions. Also, to reach the aims of development of millennium is doubtful and weak in the long term the attention paid to the stable development.

Global financial crisis shows how it is possible to provoke great mistakes in the distribution of the resources implementation of not perfect stimulus motivated with long term aims. New green global agreement (AMGSH) proves that today there is unique possibility for use of economic stimulus unprecedented packages so that, to improve stability (sustainability) and protection from future strikes. AMGSH also considers that continuing of the existing practice unchanged will not eliminate the false stimulus and that’s why future investments will face the false distribution threat. Georgia is not exception in point of view of reaction of the government on crisis.  

References:

1. United Nations Environment Programme.Examples of developed countries (2016). http://www.unep.org/pdf/GreenEconomy_SuccessStories.pdf
2.  Institute Of Green Economic. Official website:http://greeneconomics.org.uk Gelashvili M., „Innovative Human Capital and its development characteristics“, SSU IV international-practical conference, collections. Tbilisi „Homeland“, 2017.
3. Gelashvili M., “State Regulation of  Investment Activities in Georgia.”  Nova Science  Publishers.  Georgian International Journal of Science and Technology.  ISSN: 1939-5825 https://www.novapublishers.com/catalog/index.php?cPath=125; USA 2013; pp. 5-9.
4. Gelashvili M., “Competition and problems of monopolistic markets.” “Global world”, scientific anthology, volume 2 (II), Ostroh  – Gomel – Slupsk 2016; pp.69.
5. Gelashvili M., „Human resources and its Development Tendencies in Georgia“. „Ekonomisti” #1, 2018; pp.55.